What Is Dosage Of Oxytocin For Muscle Repair In Humans

What is Pitocin and how is it used?

Pitocin is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of postpartum hemorrhage, labor consecration, and incomplete or inevitable abortion. Pitocin may exist used solitary or with other medications.

Pitocin belongs to a class of drugs called Oxytocic Agents.

Information technology is not known if Pitocin is safe and effective in children.

What are the possible side effects of Pitocin?

Pitocin may cause serious side effects including:

• fast, irksome or uneven heart rate,
• excessing bleeding long after childbirth,
• severe headache,
• blurred vision,
• pounding in your neck or ears,
• confusion,
• severe weakness, and
• feeling unsteady

Serious side effects for the baby:

• irksome heartbeats or other abnormal center rate,
• yellowish appearance of the baby's peel (jaundice),
• earthquake (seizure),
• eye issues, and
• bug with animate, muscle tone and other signs of health

Go medical help correct away, if y'all take any of the symptoms listed above.

The virtually common side effects of Pitocin include:

• nausea,
• airsickness, and
• more than intense or more frequent contractions (expected consequence)

Tell the doctor if y'all have any side consequence that bothers you or that does not get away.

These are not all the possible side effects of Pitocin. For more than information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Telephone call your dr. for medical advice well-nigh side effects. You may study side effects to FDA at i-800-FDA-1088.

Pharmacy Bulk Packet - Not for Direct Infusion

DESCRIPTION

Pitocin (oxytocin injection, USP) is a sterile, clear, colorless aqueous solution of constructed oxytocin, for intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection. Pitocin is a nonapeptide found in pituitary extracts from mammals. Information technology is standardized to contain 10 units of oxytocic hormone/mL and contains 0.five% Chlorobutanol, a chloroform derivative equally a preservative, with the pH adjusted with acetic acrid. Pitocin may contain up to 16% of total impurities. The hormone is prepared synthetically to avoid possible contagion with vasopressin (ADH) and other small polypeptides with biologic activity. Pitocin has the empirical formula C₄₃H₆₆N₁₂O₁₂Southward₂ (molecular weight 1007.19). The structural formula is every bit follows:

iii pharmacies near 11430 have coupons for pitocin (Brand Names:Pitocin for 1ML of 10UNIT/ML)

INDICATIONS

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Constituent consecration of labor is divers as the initiation of labor in a meaning private who has no medical indications for induction. Since the available data are inadequate to evaluate the benefitsto- risks considerations, Pitocin is not indicated for constituent induction of labor.

Antepartum

Pitocin is indicated for the initiation or comeback of uterine contractions, where this is desirable and considered suitable for reasons of fetal or maternal concern, in lodge to achieve vaginal delivery. Information technology is indicated for (i) consecration of labor in patients with a medical indication for the initiation of labor, such as Rh bug, maternal diabetes, preeclampsia at or near term, when delivery is in the all-time interests of mother and fetus or when membranes are prematurely ruptured and delivery is indicated; (ii) stimulation or reinforcement of labor, as in selected cases of uterine inertia; (three) as adjunctive therapy in the management of incomplete or inevitable abortion. In the outset trimester, curettage is by and large considered chief therapy. In 2nd trimester abortion, oxytocin infusion will often be successful in emptying the uterus. Other means of therapy, however, may be required in such cases.

Postpartum

Pitocin is indicated to produce uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage.

SLIDESHOW

sixteen Early Signs & Symptoms of Pregnancy: Could You Be Pregnant? Meet Slideshow

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate affair and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

The dosage of oxytocin is determined by the uterine response and must therefore be individualized and initiated at a very low level. The following dosage information is based upon various regimens and indications in general utilise.

Induction Or Stimulation Of Labor

Intravenous infusion (drip method) is the simply acceptable method of parenteral assistants of Pitocin for the induction or stimulation of labor. Accurate control of the rate of infusion is essential and is best accomplished by an infusion pump. Information technology is user-friendly to piggyback the Pitocin infusion on a physiologic electrolyte solution, permitting the Pitocin infusion to be stopped abruptly without interrupting the electrolyte infusion. This is done in the following manner.

Preparation

1. The standard solution for infusion of Pitocin is prepared by calculation 1 mL (containing 10 units of oxytocin) to k mL of 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride or Ringer'south lactate. The combined solution containing 10 milliunits (mU) of oxytocin/mL is rotated in the infusion canteen for thorough mixing.
2. Establish the infusion with a carve up bottle of physiologic electrolyte solution not containing Pitocin.
3. Adhere (piggyback) the Pitocin-containing canteen with the infusion pump to the infusion line as close to the infusion site equally possible.

Assistants

The initial dose should be 0.5â€"1 mU/min (equal to 3â€"6 mL of the dilute oxytocin solution per hour). At 30â€"60 minute intervals the dose should be gradually increased in increments of 1â€"ii mU/min until the desired contraction design has been established. Once the desired frequency of contractions has been reached and labor has progressed to 5â€"vi cm dilation, the dose may exist reduced past like increments.

Studies of the concentrations of oxytocin in the maternal plasma during Pitocin infusion have shown that infusion rates up to half dozen mU/min give the aforementioned oxytocin levels that are institute in spontaneous labor. At term, college infusion rates should be given with great care, and rates exceeding 9â€"10 mU/min are rarely required. Earlier term, when the sensitivity of the uterus is lower because of a lower concentration of oxytocin receptors, a higher infusion rate may exist required.

Monitoring

1. Electronically monitor the uterine activity and the fetal eye rate throughout the infusion of Pitocin. Attending should be given to tonus, amplitude and frequency of contractions, and to the fetal center charge per unit in relation to uterine contractions. If uterine contractions go too powerful, the infusion can be abruptly stopped, and oxytocic stimulation of the uterine musculature will soon wane (see PRECAUTIONS section).
2. Discontinue the infusion of Pitocin immediately in the event of uterine hyperactivity and/or fetal distress. Administer oxygen to the mother, who preferably should be put in a lateral position. The condition of mother and fetus should immediately be evaluated past the responsible doc and appropriate steps taken.

Control Of Postpartum Uterine Bleeding

• Intravenous infusion (drip method). If the patient has an intravenous infusion running, ten to xl units of oxytocin may be added to the bottle, depending on the amount of electrolyte or dextrose solution remaining (maximum 40 units to grand mL). Adjust the infusion rate to sustain uterine contraction and control uterine atony.
• Intramuscular administration. 1 mL (10 units) of Pitocin tin can be given later the delivery of the placenta.

Treatment Of Incomplete, Inevitable, Or Elective Abortion

Intravenous infusion of x units of Pitocin added to 500 mL of a physiologic saline solution or 5% dextrose-in-water solution may help the uterus contract after a suction or abrupt curettage for an incomplete, inevitable, or elective abortion.

Subsequent to intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline, prostaglandins, urea, etc., for midtrimester constituent ballgame, the injection-to-ballgame time may be shortened by infusion of Pitocin at the rate of ten to 20 milliunits (xx to 40 drops) per minute. The total dose should not exceed xxx units in a 12-hour period due to the risk of water intoxication.

Directions For Dispensing

Chemist's Bulk Package â€" Not for Straight Infusion: The chemist's bulk packet is for utilize in a pharmacy admixture service only in a suitable work area, such equally a laminar flow hood. The closure should be penetrated only in one case utilizing an advisable sterile transfer device, which allows measured distribution of the contents. The transfer device should be inserted into the Pharmacy Bulk Bundle using aseptic technique.

Contents should be used as soon equally possible post-obit initial closure puncture. Discard any unused portion within 24 hours of showtime entry. Post-obit closure puncture, container should be maintained under labeled storage atmospheric condition between 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) nether a laminar flow hood until contents are dispensed.

HOW SUPPLIED

Pitocin (Oxytocin Injection, USP) Constructed is available as follows:

NDC 42023-130-06 Packages of six l mL Pharmacy Bulk Packages, each containing x units of oxytocin per mL (total = 500 units of oxytocin per vial).

Storage

Store between twenty° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). Run into USP Controlled Room Temperature.

REFERENCES

1. Seitchik J, Castillo M: Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. I. Clinical data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144:899â€"905.

two. Seitchik J, Castillo Chiliad: Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. II. Multiparous patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145:777â€"780.

iii. Fuchs A, Goeschen K, Husslein P, et al: Oxytocin and the initiation of homo parturition. III. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and 13, xiv-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a in spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145:497â€"502.

4. Seitchik J, Amico J, et al: Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. Iv. Oxytocin pharmacokinetics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150:225â€"228.

5. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 110â€" November 1987: Consecration and augmentation of labor.

Distributed by: Par Pharmaceutical, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977. Revised : Nov 2022

Side Effects & Drug Interactions

SIDE EFFECTS

The post-obit adverse reactions have been reported in the mother:

Anaphylactic reaction	Premature ventricular contractions
Postpartum hemorrhage	Pelvic hematoma
Cardiac arrhythmia	Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Fatal afibrinogenemia	Hypertensive episodes
Nausea	Rupture of the uterus
Vomiting

Excessive dosage or hypersensitivity to the drug may result in uterine hypertonicity, spasm, titanic contraction, or rupture of the uterus.

The possibility of increased blood loss and afibrinogenemia should be kept in mind when administering the drug.

Astringent water intoxication with convulsions and coma has occurred, associated with a slow oxytocin infusion over a 24-60 minutes menses. Maternal death due to oxytocin-induced water intoxication has been reported.

The following adverse reactions have been reported in the fetus or neonate:

Due to induced uterine motility:	Due to use of oxytocin in the mother:
Bradycardia	Low Apgar scores at five minutes
Premature ventricular contractions and other arrhythmias	Neonatal jaundice
Permanent CNS or brain damage	Neonatal retinal hemorrhage
Fetal expiry
Neonatal seizures have been reported with the use of Pitocin.

For medical communication about adverse reactions contact your medical professional person. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Par Pharmaceutical at 1-800-828-9393 or FDA at one-800-FDA-1088 (one-800-332-1088) or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Severe hypertension has been reported when oxytocin was given three to four hours post-obit prophylactic administration of a vasoconstrictor in conjunction with caudal block anesthesia. Cyclopropane anesthesia may modify oxytocin's cardiovascular effects, so as to produce unexpected results such equally hypotension. Maternal sinus bradycardia with abnormal atrioventricular rhythms has likewise been noted when oxytocin was used concomitantly with cyclopropane anesthesia.

QUESTION

The first sign of pregnancy is well-nigh frequently: Run into Answer

WARNINGS

Pitocin, when given for induction of labor or augmentation of uterine action, should be administered only by the intravenous route and with adequate medical supervision in a hospital.

PRECAUTIONS

General

1. All patients receiving intravenous oxytocin must be under continuous observation by trained personnel who have a thorough cognition of the drug and are qualified to place complications. A physician qualified to manage any complications should be immediately available. Electronic fetal monitoring provides the best ways for early detection of overdosage (see OVERDOSAGE section). However, information technology must be borne in mind that only intrauterine pressure recording can accurately measure the intrauterine pressure during contractions. A fetal scalp electrode provides a more dependable recording of the fetal center rate than whatsoever external monitoring system.
2. When properly administered, oxytocin should stimulate uterine contractions comparable to those seen in normal labor. Overstimulation of the uterus by improper administration can be hazardous to both mother and fetus. Even with proper administration and adequate supervision, hypertonic contractions tin can occur in patients whose uteri are hypersensitive to oxytocin. This fact must exist considered by the physician in exercising his judgment regarding patient choice.
3. Except in unusual circumstances, oxytocin should not exist administered in the following conditions: fetal distress, hydramnios, partial placenta previa, prematurity, deadline cephalopelvic asymmetry, and any condition in which there is a predisposition for uterine rupture, such equally previous major surgery on the cervix or uterus including cesarean section, overdistention of the uterus, grand multiparity, or by history of uterine sepsis or of traumatic delivery. Because of the variability of the combinations of factors which may be present in the conditions listed higher up, the definition of "unusual circumstances" must be left to the judgment of the physician. The decision tin be made only past advisedly weighing the potential benefits which oxytocin can provide in a given case against rare but definite potential for the drug to produce hypertonicity or tetanic spasm.
4. Maternal deaths due to hypertensive episodes, subarachnoid hemorrhage, rupture of the uterus, and fetal deaths due to various causes have been reported associated with the use of parenteral oxytocic drugs for induction of labor or for augmentation in the first and second stages of labor.
5. Oxytocin has been shown to have an intrinsic antidiuretic result, acting to increase water reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate. Consideration should, therefore, be given to the possibility of water intoxication, particularly when oxytocin is administered continuously by infusion and the patient is receiving fluids by mouth.
6. When oxytocin is used for induction or reinforcement of already existent labor, patients should exist carefully selected. Pelvic adequacy must be considered and maternal and fetal weather evaluated before use of the drug.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

In that location are no animal or human being studies on the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of this drug, nor is at that place any information on its effect on fertility.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Furnishings

Brute reproduction studies have not been conducted with oxytocin. There are no known indications for use in the first trimester of pregnancy other than in relation to spontaneous or induced ballgame. Based on the broad experience with this drug and its chemical structure and pharmacological properties, it would not be expected to present a run a risk of fetal abnormalities when used equally indicated.

Nonteratogenic Effects

Meet ADVERSE REACTIONS in the fetus or neonate.

Labor And Delivery

See INDICATIONS AND USAGE department.

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

Overdosage with oxytocin depends essentially on uterine hyperactivity whether or not due to hypersensitivity to this agent. Hyperstimulation with strong (hypertonic) or prolonged (tetanic) contractions, or a resting tone of 15 to xx mmHg or more than betwixt contractions can lead to tumultuous labor, uterine rupture, cervical and vaginal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, uteroplacental hypoperfusion, and variable deceleration of fetal heart, fetal hypoxia, hypercapnia, perinatal hepatic necrosis or death. Water intoxication with convulsions, which is caused by the inherent antidiuretic upshot of oxytocin, is a serious complication that may occur if large doses (xl to 50 milliunits/minute) are infused for long periods. Management consists of immediate discontinuation of oxytocin and symptomatic and supportive therapy.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Antepartum use of Pitocin is contraindicated in any of the following circumstances:

1. Where at that place is significant cephalopelvic asymmetry;
2. In unfavorable fetal positions or presentations, such as transverse lies, which are undeliverable without conversion prior to commitment;
3. In obstetrical emergencies where the do good-to-risk ratio for either the fetus or the mother favors surgical intervention;
4. In fetal distress where delivery is not imminent;
5. Where adequate uterine activity fails to achieve satisfactory progress;
6. Where the uterus is already hyperactive or hypertonic;
7. In cases where vaginal delivery is contraindicated, such every bit invasive cervical carcinoma, active herpes genitalis, full placenta previa, vasa previa, and string presentation or prolapse of the cord;
8. In patients with hypersensitivity to the drug.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Uterine motility depends on the formation of the contractile protein actomyosin under the influence of the Ca2+- dependent phosphorylating enzyme myosin light-chain kinase. Oxytocin promotes contractions past increasing the intracellular Ca2+. Oxytocin has specific receptors in the myometrium and the receptor concentration increases greatly during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in early labor at term. The response to a given dose of oxytocin is very individualized and depends on the sensitivity of the uterus, which is determined by the oxytocin receptor concentration. Withal, the dr. should be aware of the fact that oxytocin even in its pure class has inherent pressor and antidiuretic properties which may become manifest when big doses are administered. These properties are thought to exist due to the fact that oxytocin and vasopressin differ in regard to only two of the eight amino acids (see PRECAUTIONS section).

Oxytocin is distributed throughout the extracellular fluid. Small amounts of the drug probably reach the fetal circulation. Oxytocin has a plasma half-life of nearly 1 to 6 minutes which is decreased in late pregnancy and during lactation. Post-obit intravenous administration of oxytocin, uterine response occurs about immediately and subsides within 1 hour. Following intramuscular injection of the drug, uterine response occurs within 3 to 5 minutes and persists for 2 to three hours. Its rapid removal from plasma is accomplished largely past the kidney and the liver. Only small amounts are excreted in urine unchanged.

PATIENT INFORMATION

No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections.

From

Study Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

You are encouraged to written report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

What Is Dosage Of Oxytocin For Muscle Repair In Humans,

Source: https://www.rxlist.com/pitocin-drug.htm

Posted by: boyerssafteph1959.blogspot.com

Share this post